Liste over mulige symptomer og følgetilstande ved langvarig hjernerystelse / senfølger efter hjernerystelse
Hverken listen eller den anviste litteratur er udtømmende og hyppighedsgraden skal kun betragtes som vejledende.
Hyppigt forekommende:
– Spændingshovedpine 19
– Migræne 19
– Svimmelhed
– Utilpashed/kvalme 6
– Træningsintolerance 12
– Tinnitus
– Lysfølsom
– Lydfølsom
– Dobbeltsyn
– Lysglimt for øjet 2
– Flydere for øjet 2
– Samsynsproblemer 16
– Nystagmus 16
– Spændinger i nakke/ansigt
– Ømhed i området for slaget
– Alkoholintolerance
Mindre hyppigt eller sjældent forekommende:
– Nedsat styrke i ekstremiteter 6
– Føleforstyrrelser 6
– Tremor 7
– Hortons hovedpine (klyngehovedpine) 8
– Nedsat visuel opmærksomhed 3
– Nedsat hørelse 5
– Issyl hovedpine
– Mistet eller nedsat lugtesans 9
Fysiske symptomer
Kognitive symptomer
Hyppigt forekommende:
– Koncentrationsproblemer
– Opmærksomhedsbesvær
– Indlæringsproblemer
– Sløvet reaktionstid
– Hukommelsesbesvær 11
– Hurtig mental udtrætning
– Nedsat koordination
– Ordfindingsbesvær
Mindre hyppigt eller sjældent forekommende:
– Forringet dømmekraft 6
Hyppigt forekommende:
– Irritabilitet 6
– let til gråd
– Tristhed
– Nedsat sexlyst
– Øget stressbarhed
– Tanker om at tage sit liv
– Apati
Mindre hyppigt eller sjældent forekommende:
– Personlighedsændringer 13
– Øget impulsivitet 6
Emotionelle symptomer
Søvnsymptomer
Hyppigt forekommende:
– Insovningsbesvær (insomni) 10
– Overssovning (hypersomni) 10
– Hyppig afbrudt søvn 10
– Ej udhvilet efter søvn 10
Mindre hyppigt eller sjældent forekommende:
– Søvnparalyse 10
Afhængig af tilstand, kan denne opstå ved et direkte slag mod hovedet eller i forbindelse med en traumatisk hændelse relateret til traumet.
Hyppigt forekommende:
– Depression 15
– Angsttilstande 14
– Øget stressniveau
– Occipital neuralgia 10
– Ændret circadianrytme 10
Mindre hyppigt eller sjældent forekommende:
– Central søvnapnø 10
– Obstruktiv søvnapnø 21
– Bipolar lidelse 15
– Temporomandibulær dysfunktion (TMD) 22
– Benign paroxysmal positionel vertigo (BPPV) 1
– Superior canal dehiscence 1
– Commotio labyrinthi 5
– Whiplashtraume/nakkeskade
– Hypofyseinsufficiens 18
Mulige følgetilstande ved hjernerystelsestraume
Øget risiko af følgende sygdomme på sigt
– Demens17
– Epilepsi 23
– Forstærket aldersrelateret kognitive forstyrrelser 20
1 ‘Assessment and Management of Dizziness Associated with Mild Tbi’, ed. by Defence Centers of Excellence (2012).
2 ‘Assessment and Management of Visual Dysfunction Associated with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury’, ed. by Defence Centers of Excellence (2013).
3 Kristen Barlow-Ogden, and William Poynter, ‘Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Investigation of Visual Attention in Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom Veterans’, The Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 49 (2012), 1101.
4 J. H. Bower, D. M. Maraganore, B. J. Peterson, S. K. McDonnell, J. E. Ahlskog, and W. A. Rocca, ‘Head Trauma Preceding Pd: A Case-Control Study’, Neurology, 60 (2003), 1610-15.
5 M. S. Choi, S. O. Shin, J. Y. Yeon, Y. S. Choi, J. Kim, and S. K. Park, ‘Clinical Characteristics of Labyrinthine Concussion’, Korean J Audiol, 17 (2013), 13-7.
6 Clinical Practice Guideline: Management of Concussion/Mild Traumatic Brain Injury’, ed. by Department of Veterans Affairs and Department of Defense (http://www.healthquality.va.gov/guidelines/Rehab/m… 2009).
7 E. Dahl, and I. Emanuelson, ‘Motor Proficiency in Children with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Compared with a Control Group’, J Rehabil Med, 45 (2013), 729-33.
8 R. Defrin, ‘Chronic Post-Traumatic Headache: Clinical Findings and Possible Mechanisms’, J Man Manip Ther, 22 (2014), 36-44.
9 R. L. Doty, D. M. Yousem, L. T. Pham, A. A. Kreshak, R. Geckle, and W. W. Lee, ‘Olfactory Dysfunction in Patients with Head Trauma’, Arch Neurol, 54 (1997), 1131-40.
10 ‘Guidelines for Concussion/Mild Traumatic Brain Injury & Persistent Symptoms’, (Ontario Neurotrauma Foundation, 2013), p. 163.
11 Jess Kraus, Kathryn Schaffer, Kathi Ayers, Jerome Stenehjem, Haikang Shen, and A. A. Afifi, ‘Physical Complaints, Medical Service Use, and Social and Employment Changes Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury’, Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 20 (2005), 239-56.
12 John J. Leddy, Karl Kozlowski, Michael Funga, David R. Pendergast, and BarryWiller, ‘Regulatory and Autoregulatory Physiological Dysfunction as a Primary Characteristic of Post Concussion Syndrome: Implications for Treatment’, NeuroRehabilitation, 22 (2007), 199-205.
13 M. F. Mendez, E. M. Owens, E. E. Jimenez, D. Peppers, and E. A. Licht, ‘Changes in Personality after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury from Primary Blast Vs. Blunt Forces’, Brain Inj, 27 (2013), 10-8.
14 E. L. Moore, L. Terryberry-Spohr, and D. A. Hope, ‘Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Anxiety Sequelae: A Review of the Literature’, Brain Inj, 20 (2006), 117-32.
15 S. Orlovska, M. S. Pedersen, M. E. Benros, P. B. Mortensen, E. Agerbo, and M. Nordentoft, ‘Head Injury as Risk Factor for Psychiatric Disorders: A Nationwide Register-Based Follow-up Study of 113,906 Persons with Head Injury’, Am J Psychiatry, 171 (2014), 463-9.
16 Eric L. Singman, ‘Automating the Assessment of Visual Dysfunction after Traumatic Brain Injury’, Medical Instrumentation, 1 (2013), 3.
17 T. M. Sivanandam, and M. K. Thakur, ‘Traumatic Brain Injury: A Risk Factor for Alzheimer’s Disease’, Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 36 (2012), 1376-81.
18 F. Tanriverdi, K. Unluhizarci, and F. Kelestimur, ‘Pituitary Function in Subjects with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Review of Literature and Proposal of a Screening Strategy’, Pituitary, 13 (2010), 146-53.
19 B. J. Theeler, F. G. Flynn, and J. C. Erickson, ‘Headaches after Concussion in Us Soldiers Returning from Iraq or Afghanistan’, Headache, 50 (2010), 1262-72.
20 C. Till, B. Colella, J. Verwegen, and R. E. Green, ‘Postrecovery Cognitive Decline in Adults with Traumatic Brain Injury’, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 89 (2008), S25-34.
21 A. Verma, V. Anand, and N. P. Verma, ‘Sleep Disorders in Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury’, J Clin Sleep Med, 3 (2007), 357-62.
22 M. M. Weightman, R. Bolgla, K. L. McCulloch, and M. D. Peterson, ‘Physical Therapy Recommendations for Service Members with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury’, J Head Trauma Rehabil, 25 (2010), 206-18.
23 B. Yasseen, A. Colantonio, and G. Ratcliff, ‘Prescription Medication Use in Persons Many Years Following Traumatic Brain Injury’, Brain Inj, 22 (2008), 752-7.
